When Walls
Become Doorways: Creativity and the Transforming
Illness
by Tobi Zausner
Harmony Books, New York, 2007
374 pp. $19 USD
ISBN: 978-0-307-23808-5.
Reviewed by Rob Harle
harle@dodo.com.au
This is an inspiring, pleasurable, and
at times, quite moving book. Tobi Zausner
has done a huge amount of research to
bring to the reader an astonishing number
of personal stories concerning the transformative
power of illness. When Walls Become
Doorways discusses the ways in which
art and creativity can turn misfortune
and sometimes extreme illnesses into a
positive life enhancing experience, not
only for the person suffering, but for
others who resonate with the artworks.
"Knowing that someone else has triumphed
proves it can be done and makes it possible
for you. One of the main goals of this
book is to provide many role models"
(p. 174).
Zausner was herself diagnosed with an
extremely aggressive form of ovarian cancer
and given little chance of surviving longer
than a year. Through medical treatment,
meditation including Soaring Crane Qigong,
and sheer determination she survived.
This book is partly her own story, partly
the stories of others with illnesses ranging
from mild disabilities to quadriplegia,
but mostly it is a story of overcoming
obstacles through creativity to make the
most of any situation. "Illness has
profoundly altered my creativity, but
this response is not unique to me. Creativity
is a basic human capacity that extends
across racial and cultural boundaries"
(p. 4).
The book has 18 chapters arranged into
five parts, together with Zausner's personal
introduction, extensive reference notes
and good index. Part 1 - Creativity,
Illness and Transformation discusses
what constitutes a transforming illness
and ways to turn poor health into such
a transforming illness. Part 2
Illness in Early Life looks at
congenital health problems, childhood
illnesses and major accidents and how
these can bring about extraordinary achievements
and world changing artwork. Part 3
Learning, Seeing and Hearing investigates
abnormal ways of seeing the world, not
hearing the world around us and how various
learning (dis)abilities can be powerful
precursors and aids to creating truly
amazing individuals with equally amazing
works of art. Part 4 The Challenges
of Adulthood discusses how illnesses
and accidents in adulthood challenge the
will power of individuals to not only
survive but to get over self-pity and
make the best of what abilities they have.
Part 5 Creativity and the Response
to Illness looks at how illness can change
individual identity, how to persevere
when all seems impossible and finally
how to use illness to help others.
Each chapter presents numerous "case
studies" (more personal stories,
really) of both famous artists and not
so famous contemporary artists. This personal
touch adds a "hard-to-put-down"
element to the book as each intriguing,
and sometimes almost unbelievable story,
unfolds. Zausner explains the technical
terms she uses, particularly medical terms,
in plain language which makes this book
suitable reading for virtually all ages
and levels of education. Little known
health facts about such geniuses as Michelangelo,
Van Gogh, Degas, Warhol and Leonardo da
Vinci, to mention just a few, unfold with
a peaceful flow that is a characteristic
of the book as a whole. Chapter 7 will
be of special interest to the Leonardo
community, as this chapter is devoted
entirely to Leonardo da Vinci, explaining
how his learning difficulties (specifically
ADHD and dyslexia) influenced his art,
science and expression of genius. Zausners
research has uncovered some rather interesting
and previously unknown aspects of da Vincis
health.
One minor criticism is that most of the
illnesses discussed throughout the book
are of a physical nature. I had expected
there would be a smattering of some famous
artists (other than Van Gogh) with severe
mental illness such as Antonin Artaud
for example. Also most of the art concerns
the more traditional disciplines of painting,
drawing, and sculpture. As Zausner explains
concerning the latter point, the book
somewhat mirrors her own experiences as
a painter, rather than say as a dancer
or performance artist. Neither of these
points detracts from the overall impact
and importance of the book.
There are no illustrations at all which
at first struck me as somewhat unusual;
then I found Zausner's clever way of handling,
what would have amounted to a huge number
of images. Go to her web site (www.tobizausner.com),
click on the book title, and there in
alphabetical order are links to the various
artist's web sites which show their works
and details. This has the advantage of
not favouring one artist over another
and allows the reader to select whichever
artist interests them most; it does of
course require access to the Internet.
It is a rather sobering thought that despite
advertising hype to the contrary, there
are large numbers of people who do not
have internet access at home, or who are
computer illiterate, especially members
of the older population.
When Walls Become Doorways is infused
with a gentle, caring approach, as Zausner
believes, correctly in my opinion, that
those who have overcome seemingly insurmountable
health problems and produced stunning
works of art are an inspiration for all
of us. "Artists with transforming
illnesses are heroes of creativity and
role models for us all. Working despite
innumerable hardships, they shape the
essence of our culture and create great
beauty in our lives" (p. ix). Tobi
Zausner is one such heroine and through
this book, and her own powerful and deeply
moving paintings, she has helped make
this world a better and more beautiful
place to live. Regardless of your interest
in art or health, I cannot recommend this
book highly enough.