Contents
Editorial
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Salut au Monde!Jürgen Claus
Leonardo Gallery
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Simultaneous Echoes Gallery: Introduction
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Simultaneous EchoesYongseok Oh, Leenam Lee, Biho Ryu, Jongsuk Lee, Sangbin IM, Ho-Yeol Ryu, Kyungwoo Han, Junebum Park, Ye Seung Lee
Artists’ Article
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Soma: Live Musical Performance in Which Congruent Visual, Auditory and Proprioceptive Stimuli Fuse to Form a Combined Aesthetic NarrativeIlias Bergstrom, R. Beau Lotto
Artists and scientists have long had an interest in the relationship between music and visual art, leading up to the present-day art form of correlated animation and music called visual music. Current live performance tools and paradigms for visual music, however, are subject to several limitations. The work reported here addresses these through a transdisciplinary integration of findings from several research areas, detailing the resulting ideas and their implementation in three interconnected software applications. This culminates in the art form of Soma, in which correlated auditory, visual and proprioceptive stimuli form a combined narrative.
Artist’s Note
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Intrinsic Art: A Cultural CapsuleSherban Epuré
In this article, the author introduces Intrinsic Art as the theoretical foundation of his work. He explains how Intrinsic Art is a synthesis of art’s fundamentals, mathematics, philosophy and technologies. Three strands of his work derived from it include Meta-Phorms, S-Bands and Protruded Sculptures.
General Articles
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SCIENCESTORE: An Art Space Designed for ScienceJorge Pérez-Gallego
Science and art are two ways of thinking about the world—both the inner and the outer. The author’s performative interactive installation, SCIENCESTORE, provided him an ideal scenario for deepening his understanding, by means of design, of the economics of science, science outreach and shifts between science and art.
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Quicker Than the Eye? Sleight of Hand and Cinemas of Scientific Discovery from Chronophotography to Cognitive Film TheoryColin Williamson
This article explores the topic of scientific discovery in two cases of intersections between imaging technologies and sleight-of-hand magic in the domain of nontheatrical film and media. The first case is the French psychologist Alfred Binet’s use of chronophotography to study magicians in the 1890s. The second is the reanimation of Binet’s study by cognitive (neuro)scientists beginning in the early 2000s using eye-tracking cameras and other digital-imaging devices. The author focuses on how both cases treat the magician as a medium of discovery and how both use optical devices to “see” visual processes related to the experience of wonder.
General Note
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“Progress through Novelty”: The Kavli Frontiers of Science SymposiumAndrew Yang
This report on the first-ever Art-Science Interface session at the annual Kavli Frontiers of Science Symposium collects reflections from a number of the session’s invited participants as well as its organizers. What impact does the participation of artists have at an elite science research symposium? How does cross-disciplinary engagement of this kind both reflect on, and take part in, the larger conversation concerning art-science collaborations and the significance of their outcomes? These questions and others are briefly explored.
Technical Note
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Application of Cellular Automata for a Generative Art SystemJae Kyun Shin
In this article, the author describes a study that proposes the use of cellular automata (CA) as a useful tool for a creative pattern-generating art system. A one-rule firing CA is used to efficiently represent basic CA patterns. The key idea in this method is to mix basic patterns in order to design complex patterns. Two types of mixing—iterative and hierarchical—are introduced. The results are demonstrated through example patterns, including ornamental and tiling patterns. The concept of an expanded neighborhood is introduced and applied to the generation of flower-like images. The author concludes with several suggestions for future research topics in relation to the proposed method.
Statements
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Mediations on a Digital Workforcextine burrough, Tom Brughmans
The work presented here ranges from small-scale interventions on Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk virtual crowdsourcing job board to collaborations with the Turkers (workers) for exhibition and festival play. Virtual job boards have a tendency to commodify digital labor, often resulting in exploitative practices. In these works, the author offers the Turkers a reprieve from the tensions between play and labor (play/bor) with an opportunity to express themselves while being paid for their creativity.
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OPTICKS and Visual Moonbounce in Live PerformanceDaniela de Paulis
OPTICKS is an art project realized by interdisciplinary artist Daniela de Paulis, in collaboration with the CAMRAS radio amateur association based at the Dwingeloo radio telescope in The Netherlands. The project is presented as a live audio-visual performance during which digital images are transmitted as radio signals to the Moon from a radio station in Brazil, the U.K., Switzerland, Poland or Italy. The signals reflected by the Moon’s surface are received by the Dwingeloo radio telescope, converted back into the original images and projected live at an exhibition venue. The project uses Visual Moonbounce, an application of the Moonbounce technology, developed by the artist in collaboration with the CAMRAS team during her residency at the Dwingeloo radio telescope.
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Interactive Musical Display of Quantum Dot Emission SpectraEathan Janney, Guillermo Muñoz-Matutano
Quantum dots (QDs) are zero-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures composed of thousands of atoms. QDs are often referred to as artificial atoms because their small structure results in unique, atom-like behavior; like atoms, QDs have optical emission at discrete wavelengths. Here the authors describe a novel method to interactively learn about the spectral properties of QDs using musical intuitions. They transform spectral information from selected Indum Arsenide (InAs) QDs into musical information, including both pitch and rhythm. Thus, they generate a multisensory experience of spectral information allowing users to learn about the range of frequencies of QDs as well as their unique spectral properties resulting from coulombic interactions.
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Art/Science Big Data: Parts 1, 2 and 3Gordon Knox
The essay materials abstracted below present a look at Big Data and a review of the role the arts play in the evolution of the human species and the collective, cumulative project of assembling scientific and artistic knowledge: Part 1: how art and science are similar; Part 2: how their approach to “knowing” differs and how together they create knowledge; and Part 3: how these systems of knowing apply to the transformations activated by the digital revolution of the past 25 years. In concert, art and science might enable a collective human response sufficiently resilient to survive the natural and cultural challenges ahead.
These essays start with the observation that art and science are the primary, interlocked and essential components in the production of human knowledge: Art and science are distinct and intertwined, two elements of a single compound. By the conclusion of the essays it starts to emerge that art contains the sciences by virtue of being the unmoored, radical vanguard in collective thought. In this sense, science is suspended in the arts; science is the crystalline forms that appear in the matrix of art’s critical, complex and enigmatic thinking. The arts work one step beyond the collective conversation we call culture, and from that place just over the perimeter, the arts compassionately and sometimes jarringly bring us along to see the view from this new spot. Within these cultural horizons, science is doing the hard work of making what we encounter “real.” These essays present the arts and sciences as parallel yet intertwined, like two components of a composite organism, feeding off each other to sustain a growing and adapting life form bigger than either.
Special Section of Leonardo Statements: Arts, Humanities and Complex Networks
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Arts, Humanities and Complex Networks: IntroductionMaximilian Schich, Isabel Meirelles
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Mapping Paris: Social and Artistic Networks, 1855–1889Claire L. Kovacs
Mapping Paris: Social and Artistic Networks, 1855–1889 charts and analyzes 19th-century social networks in order to map the artistic collaborations taking place in Paris between the Universal Expositions of 1855 and 1889. In doing so, it allows scholars to view the data in novel ways and to foster considerations of aesthetic dialogue through crossed paths, acquaintances, friendships, conversations and collaborations in the social condenser of Paris. This article focuses on situating the project on its theoretical foundations, considers some of the research questions that can be investigated through such a methodological tool and contemplates the implications on the discipline of art history.
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Idiographic Network VisualizationsGiorgio Caviglia, Nicole Coleman, Marcus Pearce
In this article the authors present an ongoing research project aimed at supporting scholars in the exploration of historical networks through a highly visual and interactive environment for the construction and the manipulation of graphs. They briefly illustrate and discuss a set of techniques defined within a multidisciplinary academic context to better integrate scholars and students’ knowledge beyond the graph.
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Network Landscape of Western Classical MusicArram Bae, Doheum Park, Juyong Park, Yong-Yeol Ahn, Ethan Blue, Dietmar Offenhuber
Network science has shown itself to be useful in understanding a complex system by allowing us to unearth novel and intriguing patterns among its components. It is playing a particularly integral role in understanding social systems where collaboration between people is essential. Music is one such domain, as evidenced by how its centuries-old history is filled with intriguing episodes of collaborations between its central personalities and the influences they exerted on one other. In this article, the authors present their findings in the network understanding of the landscape of collaborations in western classical music.
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Echoing Narcissus: Bio-Adaptive, Game-Based Networked PerformanceHeidi Boisvert, Jean-Paul Agosti
In this paper, the author provides a critical examination and a creative reversal of the legacy of cybernetics. It seeks to both interrogate the underlying rhetoric fueling the post-biological technocracy and explores how embodied, bio-adaptive, game-based networked performance practices can serve as an antidote.
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The Pain of ComplexityDmitry Zinoviev
In the scholarly community, the concept of complexity is typically associated with science. However, the consumer view on complexity is different. To understand the conceptual structure of complexity, the author analyzed self-declared interests harvested from complexity-related blogs in LiveJournal. The author arranged the interests into a semantic network, based on their similarity of use. The network has a modular structure and consists of four clusters linked with four aspects of complexity: Science, Philosophy, Art and Soul. Apparently laypersons perceive complexity not only as a scientific phenomenon but also as an intricacy associated with creativity, search for wisdom, and a potentially painful soul search.
Special Section: Highlights from the IEEE VIS 2013 Arts Program (VISAP’13): Part 3
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Highlights from the IEEE VIS 2013 Arts Program (VISAP’13): Part 3: IntroductionAngus G. Forbes
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Art and Science as Creative CatalystsEleanor Gates-Stuart, Chuong Nguyen, Matt Adcock, Jay Bradley, Matthew Morell, David Lovell
Science, Art and Science Art collaborations are generally presented and understood in terms of their products. The authors argue that the process of Science Art can be a significant—perhaps the principal—benefit of these collaborations even though the process may be largely invisible to anyone other than the collaborators. Hosting the Centenary of Canberra Science Art Commission at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) has shown the authors that while Science and Art pursue orthogonal dimensions of creativity and innovation, collaborators can combine these directions to access new areas of imagination and ideas.
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Representing Abstraction: Information Visualization in the Middle AgesFrancis T. Marchese
This paper reviews some of the visualizations employed to represent information during the Middle Ages. It discusses three kinds of visualizations: rotae, tables and trees, and considers their context and use.
Special Section: Leonardo Abstracts Service: Top-Rated LABS Abstracts 2015
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Leonardo Abstracts Service: Top-Rated LABS Abstracts 2015Sheila Pinkel
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On Computational Ecosystems in Media ArtsRui Antunes
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A Postcolonial Critique of Industrial Design
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Symbiogenic Experience and the Emergent ArtsCarlos Castellanos
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Motion within MotionAzadeh Emadi, Chris Bennewith
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Supporting Music Composition with Interactive PaperJérémie Garcia
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Communicating ScienceEleanor Gates-Stuart
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The Artists’ FootprintRachel Jacobs
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Outline of a Subversive TechnopoeticFrancesco Monico
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Exploring Naming Behavior in Personal Digital Image CollectionsTami Sutcliffe
Leonardo Reviews
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Camouflage Cultures: Beyond the Art of DisappearanceMike Leggett
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Simple ThoughtsBrian Reffin Smith
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Life’s Engines: How Microbes Made Earth HabitableCecilia Wong
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Mathematics and Art: A Cultural HistoryPhil Dyke
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Softimage: Towards a New Theory of the Digital ImageJan Baetens
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The Storm of CreativityRobert Maddox-Harle
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Make It New: The History of Silicon Valley DesignJussi Parikka
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Past Futures: Science Fiction, Space Travel, and Postwar Art of the AmericasMalgorzata Sugiera
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Art and Science: Works from the Collection of the Museu Nacional de Arte AntigaJan Baetens
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The Experience Machine: Stan VanDerBeek’s Movie-Drome and Expanded CinemaStephen Petersen
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The Leonardo Series: Drawings by Anthony Panzera Based on Leonardo da Vinci’s Work on Human Proportion
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Processing: A Programming Handbook for Visual Designers and artists, Second EditionMike Mosher, Jean-Marc Chomaz
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Leonardo Reviews Online: May 2016
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Leonardo Reviews Online: April 2016
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Leonardo Reviews Online: March 2016
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Leonardo Reviews Online: February 2016
Leonardo Network News
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Leonardo Network NewsNick Cronbach
Endnote
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Ars and Organological Inventions in Societies of Hyper-ControlBernard Stiegler, Colette Tron, Daniel Ross