He holds a master’s degree in critical studies and experimental practices from the University of California, San Diego, for work juxtaposing rhetorical applications of experimentalism in avant-garde musical histories with the challenges of performing tecnobanda on and across the U.S.-Mexico border. His multimedia article “A Curious Circumstance of the iPod Shuffle” appeared in the peer-reviewed journal Mediascapes in 2007, and other essays on music, the subway and mobile sound technologies have appeared in the Grove Dictionary of American Music, the Sage Encyclopedia of Urban Studies and the Oxford Handbook of Mobile Music Studies.