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New Media Poetry, Hypertext, and Experimental Literature Bibliography

This bibliography focuses on particular directions of experimental poetry in the twentieth century, with emphasis on innovative poetics developed with new media (including computers, video, holography and the Internet). Readers will find references to movements and styles (Lettrism, Concretism, Sound Poetry, Oulipo, Process/Poem, etc.) as well as to critical writings relevant to the study of experimental writing (Barthes, Derrida, McLuhan, etc.). Historical perspectives are also represented (Bohn, Drucker, Jackson, Kostelanetz, Perloff, etc.). Recent deiscussions of new media poetry (Kac, Blaine/Bootz, etc.) and new media-based verbal phenomena are also included (Aarseth, Landow, Rosenberg, Bolter, etc.). An associated Webliography (originally published in Visible Language, Vol. 30, No. 2, 1996) provides direct links to Web sites by or about writers represented (directly or indirectly) in this bibliography.


Aarseth, Espen J., Cybertext : Perspectives on Ergodic Literature (Maryland: John Hopkins Univ Press, 1997).

Barthes, Roland. "The Death of the Author." Image-Music-Text. Trans. Stephen Heath. London: Fontana, 1977. 142-48.

---. S/Z. Trans. Richard Miller. London: Cape, 1975.

---. "Theory of the Text." Untying The Text. Ed. Robert Young. London: Routledge, 1981. 31-47.

Bohn, W., The Aesthetics of Visual Poetry, 1914-1928 (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1986).

Bolter, Jay David. Writing Space: The Computer, Hypertext, and the History of Writing. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1991.

Bush, Vannevar. "As We May Think." Atlantic Monthly July 1945: 101-108. Rpt. in Nyce and Kahn. 85-110.

Castellin, P., Torregosa, J., Bootz, P. (soft) DOC(K)S/aLire 10, Series 3, nos. 13/14/15/16 (Fall 1997), Ajaccio, France.

Chopin, Henri. Poesie Sonore (Paris: Jean-Michel Place, 1979).

Clarke, Ron. My Buttons are Blue and Other Love Poems, from the Digital Heart of an Electronic Computer, ARCsoft Press, Maryland 1982.

Coover, Robert. "The End of Books." The New York Times Book Review (21 June 1992): 1+.

---. "Hyperfiction: Novels for the Computer." New York Times Book Review August 29, 1993: 1-12.

Curtay, Jean-Paul. La Poesie Lettriste (Paris: Seghers, 1974).

Delany, Paul and George P. Landow, eds. Hypermedia and Literary Studies. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1991.

Derrida, Jacques. Of Grammatology. Trans. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Baltimore: John Hopkins UP, 1976.

---. The Post Card: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond. Trans. Alan Bass. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1987.

---. Writing and Difference. Trans. Alan Bass. Chicago: Chicago UP, 1978.

Dias-Pino, Wlademir. Wlademir Dias-Pino: A separacao entre inscrever e escrever (Cuiba: Edicoes do Meio, 1982).

Dias-Pino, Wlademir. Processo: Linguagem e Comunicacao (Rio de Janeiro: Vozes, 1973).

Don, A. "Interactive Fiction." ARTCOM 9.9-10 (1990): n.pag.

Drucker, J., The Visible Word; Experimental Typography and Modern Art, 1909-1923 (Chicago: Un. of Chicago, 1994).

Engelbart, D.C. "A Conceptual Framework for the Augmentation of Man's Intellect." In Vistas in Information Handling. London: VI Spartan Books, 1963.

Ernst, Josef. "Computer Poetry: An Act of Disinterested Communication." New Literary History 23 (Spring 1992): 451-465.

Foster, S.C., ed., Lettrisme: Into the Present, Visible Language Special Issue, Vol. 17, No.3, 1983.

Gess, Richard ed. Perforations 1.3 (Spring/Summer 1992). After the Book: Writing Literature Writing Technology. Atlanta: Public Domain, 1992.

Hartman, Charles. Virtual Muse: experiments in computer poetry (New England: Wesleyan, 1996).

Jackson, D., Vos. E., and Drucker, J., eds., Experimental - Visual - Concrete: avant-garde poetry since the 1960s (Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, 1996).

Joyce, Michael. "Words on Works: Afternoon, A Story." Leonardo 26/1 (1993): 79-80.

Kac, Eduardo, ed., New Media Poetry: Poetic Innovation and New Technologies, Visible Language Vol. 30, No. 2, Rhode Island School of Design, 1996.

Kac, E., "Holopoetry", in New Media Poetry: Poetic Innovation and New Technologies, Visible Language Vol. 30, No. 2, Rhode Island School of Design, 1996, pp. 184-212.

Kac, E., "Key Concepts of Holopoetry," in Jackson, D., Vos. E., and Drucker, J., eds., Experimental - Visual - Concrete: avant-garde poetry since the 1960s (Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, 1996), pp. 247-257.

Kostelanetz, R., ed., The Avant-Garde Tradition in Literature (Buffalo: Prometheus, 1982).

Kristeva, Julia. "Word, Dialogue, and Novel." Desire and Language. Ed. Leon S. Roudiez. Trans. Thomas Gora et al. New York: Columbia UP, 1980. 64-91.

Landow, George P. Hypertext: The Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technology. London: Johns Hopkins UP, 1992.

Landow, George ed. The Dickens Web. Computer software. Watertown MA: Eastgate Systems, 1992. Macintosh Plus, System 6.0, 2MB RAM.

Landow, George P. and Paul Delany. "Hypertext, Hypermedia, and Literary Studies: The State of the Art." In Delany and Landow. 3-50.

Malloy, Judy. "Uncle Roger, an Online Narrabase." Leonardo 24.2 (1991) 195-202.

McCaffery, Steve and bpNichol. Rational Geomancy: The Kids of the Book-Machine. Vancouver: Talonbooks, 1992.

McLuhan, M., The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man (Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press, 1965).

Meggs, P., "For the voice [ a collaboration between El Lissitzky and Mayakovsky]", Print, pp. 112-119 and pp.148-149, September/October 1990, RC Publications, New York.

Motte Jr., Warren F., Oulipo: a primer of potential literature (Lincoln: Nebraska, 1986).

Nelson, T.H. "Dream Machines: New Freedoms Through Computer Screens--A Minority Report." Issued with "Computer Lib." South Bend IN: The Distributors, 1978.

---. "How Hypertext (Un)does the Canon." Paper delivered at the Modern Language Association Convention, Chicago, December 28, 1990.

---. Literary Machines. Swarthmore, PA: Self-published, 1981.

---. "Managing Immense Storage." Byte (January 1988): 225+.

---. "On the Xanadu Project." Byte (September 1990): 298-9.

Nielsen, Jakob. "The Art of Navigating through Hypertext." Communications of the ACM 33 (March 1990): 296-310.

---. Hypertext and Hypermedia. San Diego: Academic Press, 1990.

Nyce, James and Paul Kahn, eds. From Memex to Hypertext: Vannevar Bush and the Mind's Machine. San Diego: Academic Press, 1991.

Perloff, M., Radical Artifice; Writing Poetry in the Age of Media (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago, 1991).

Robbe-Grillet, Alain. In the Labyrinth. New York: Grove Press, 1965.

---. Pour un nouveau roman. Paris: Editions de Minuit, 1963.

Rosenberg, Martin. "Contingency, Liberation and the Seduction of Geometry: Hypertext as an Avant-Garde Medium." In Gess, Perforations. n. pag.

Solt, M.E., ed., Concrete Poetry: A World View ( Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1968).

Spencer, H., ed., The Liberated Page (San Francisco: Bedford Press, 1987).

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Updated 11 March 1999.